Cite report
IEA (2020), Gas 2020, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/gas-2020, Licence: CC BY 4.0
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Annex
Regional and country groupings
Africa – Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and other African countries and territories.1
Asia Pacific – Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Chinese Taipei, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, the People’s Republic of China,2 the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam and other Asian countries and territories.3
Central and South America – Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and other Latin American countries and territories.4
Eurasia – Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
Europe – Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,56 Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, the Former Yugoslav Republic of North Macedonia, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo,7 Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
European Union – Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,56 Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.
Middle East – Bahrain, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel,8 Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the Syrian Arab Republic, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
North Africa – Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia.
North America – Canada, Mexico and the United States.
Abbreviations and acronyms
CAGR: compound average growth rate
CME: Chicago Mercantile Exchange (United States)
CNG: compressed natural gas
CQPGX: Chongqing Petroleum and Gas Exchange (China)
EIA: Energy Information Administration (United States)
ENTSOG: European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas
EPIAS: Enerji Piyasaları İşletme A.Ş (Turkey)
FID: final investment decision
FLNG: floating liquefied natural gas
GDP: gross domestic product
GIE: Gas Infrastructure Europe
HH: Henry Hub
ICIS: Independent Chemical Information Services
IMF: International Monetary Fund
LNG: liquefied natural gas
MENA: Middle East and North Africa
NCG: NetConnect Germany
NDRC: National Development and Reform Commission (China)
NLNG: Nigeria LNG Limited
PPAC: Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell (India)
TANAP: Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline
TAP: Trans-Adriatic Pipeline
TTF: Title Transfer Facility (the Netherlands)
USD: United States dollar
WTI: West Texas Intermediate
y‑o‑y: year-on-year
Units of measure
bcf: billion cubic feet
bcf/d: billion cubic feet per day
bcm: billion cubic metres
bcm/y: billion cubic metres per year
mcm: million cubic metres
tcm: trillion cubic metres
TWh: terawatt hour
Acknowledgements, contributors and credits
This publication has been prepared by the Gas, Coal and Power Markets Division (GCP) of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The analysis was led and co-ordinated by Jean-Baptiste Dubreuil, Senior Natural Gas Analyst. Antonio Erias Rodríguez, Songho Jeon, Akos Losz, Gergely Molnár, Sean O’Brien, Tomoko Uesawa and Jean-Baptiste Dubreuil are the main authors. Masamichi Wada provided essential research and statistical support. Keisuke Sadamori, Director of the IEA Energy Markets and Security (EMS) Directorate, and Peter Fraser, Head of GCP, provided expert guidance and advice.
Other IEA colleagues provided important contributions including Ali Al Saffar, Mariano Berkenwald, Alessandro Blasi, Louis Chambeau, Joel Couse, Laura Cozzi, Carlos Fernández Alvarez, Rebecca Gaghen, Tim Gould, Tae-Yoon Kim, Rebecca McKimm, Alan Searl, Siddarth Singh, Aad van Bohemen, László Varró, and Peter Zeniewski.
Timely and comprehensive data from the Energy Data Centre were fundamental to the report.
The IEA Communication and Digital Office (CDO) provided production and launch support. Particular thanks to Jad Mouawad and his team: Astrid Dumond, Tanya Dyhin, Merve Erdem, Christopher Gully, Katie Lazaro, Jethro Mullen, Rob Stone and Therese Walsh. Justin French-Brooks edited the report.
The report was made possible by assistance from Enagás, Mitsubishi Corporation, SK E&S and Tokyo Gas.
The individuals and organisations that contributed to this report are not responsible for any opinion or judgement it contains. Any error or omission is the sole responsibility of the IEA.
For questions and comments, please contact GCP (gcp@iea.org).
References
Individual data are not available and are estimated in aggregate for: Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Niger, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland and Uganda.
Including Hong Kong
Individual data are not available and are estimated in aggregate for: Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Macau (China), Maldives, New Caledonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga and Vanuatu.
Individual data are not available and are estimated in aggregate for: Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guyana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Turks and Caicos Islands.
Note by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”.
Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
The designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99 and the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on Kosovo’s declaration of Independence.
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD and/or the IEA is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
Reference 1
Individual data are not available and are estimated in aggregate for: Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Niger, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland and Uganda.
Reference 2
Including Hong Kong
Reference 3
Individual data are not available and are estimated in aggregate for: Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Macau (China), Maldives, New Caledonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga and Vanuatu.
Reference 4
Individual data are not available and are estimated in aggregate for: Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guyana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Turks and Caicos Islands.
Reference 5
Note by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”.
Reference 6
Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
Reference 7
The designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99 and the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on Kosovo’s declaration of Independence.
Reference 8
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD and/or the IEA is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.