Aviation and shipping
Net Zero Emissions Guide
This report is part of Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach
About this report
This 2023 update to our Net Zero Roadmap surveys the complex and dynamic energy landscape and sets out an updated pathway to net zero by 2050, taking account of the key developments that have occurred since 2021.
5% of cumulative emissions reductions
Aviation and shipping
Bioenergy, hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels ramp up from less than
1% of energy consumed today in shipping and aviation to almost 15%
in 2030 and 80% by 2050. Also important to decarbonise these
transport modes are energy efficiency improvements in shipping to
2030 and behaviour-driven demand reduction in aviation to 2050.
| Milestones | 2022 | 2030 | 2035 | 2050 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shipping | ||||
| International shipping activity (trillion tonne‑kilometres) | 125 | 145 | 165 | 265 |
| Share in final energy consumption | ||||
| Biofuels | 0% | 8% | 13% | 19% |
| Hydrogen | 0% | 4% | 7% | 19% |
| Ammonia | 0% | 6% | 15% | 44% |
| Methanol | 0% | 1% | 1% | 3% |
| Aviation | ||||
| International and domestic aviation activity (trillion revenue passenger‑kilometres) | 6.0 | 10.9 | 11.4 | 16.5 |
| Avoided demand from behavioural measures | 0% | 9% | 14% | 20% |
| Share in final energy consumption | ||||
| Biofuels | 0% | 10% | 22% | 33% |
| Synthetic hydrogen-based fuels | 0% | 1% | 4% | 37% |
Technologies are being developed to enable the use of low-emissions fuels in shipping and aviation
CO2 emissions from shipping and aviation decrease more rapidly in advanced economies
