Piano Energetico Nazionale (PEN)

Italys National Energy Plan (PEN) 1988 established energy guidelines whose implementation is dependent upon the adoption of certain legislation, i.e., Law 10/91 and 9/91. PENs broad policy objectives focussed on reducing energy consumption, protecting the environment and human health, promoting endogenous energy sources, diversifying energy imports, and opening up the energy market to increased competition. Although this policy has been acknowledged to have played a significant role in the liberalisation and privatisation of the energy sector, the PEN was neither enforced nor financed as initially planned.

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