Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use items
Under Regulation (EU) 2021/821 (the “Dual-Use Regulation”) which regulates the exports of dual-use goods, the following energy-sector related goods are subject to export authorisation :
- nuclear materials, facilities and equipment including nuclear reactors and heat exchangers;
- rotors, vacuum pumps special materials and related equipment designed for the automotive industry, machine tool industry etc;
- materials processing including for aerospace;
- high energy devices such as highly rated cells and high energy storage capacitors;
- solar cells, cell-interconnect-coverglass (CIC) assemblies, solar panels, and solar arrays, which are "space-qualified", having a minimum average efficiency exceeding 20% at an operating temperature of 301 K (28°C);
- solid-state power semiconductor switches, diodes, or 'modules' that are rated for a maximum operating junction temperature greater than 488 K (215°C), repetitive peak off-state voltage (blocking voltage) exceeding 300 V; and continuous current greater than 1 A.
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