Period from first prototype to market introduction for selected technologies by Scenario and Case, and among the quickest examples in recent history by process size

Sources

Historic year from Gross (2018) , European Cement Research Academy (2012); Brohi (2014); TATA Steel (2017); Nuber, Eichberger and Rollinger (2006).

Notes

CCUS = carbon capture utilisation and storage. The classification between large process technologies and those dependent on components able to be mass produced is based on the characteristics of the equipment or process steps within the technologies analysed that are not commercially available today.