Net avoided well-to-wheel share of avoided emissions by mode, 2023-2035

Notes

STEPS = Stated Policies Scenario, APS = Announced Pledges Scenario; NZE = Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario; LDVs = light-duty vehicles; 2/3Ws = two/three-wheelers; WTW = well-to-wheel. Net avoided GHG emissions are calculated as the total emissions from electricity generation, transmission and distribution and the negative emissions (i.e. avoided) that the equivalent internal combustion engine (ICE) fleet would have emitted (both upstream and at the tailpipe) if running on fossil fuels. Projections include fuel economy improvements of ICE and electric vehicles, as well as the growing share of renewable electricity generation, as described in the World Energy Outlook 2023.