European Union long-term trends and variability in average air temperature and heating degree days during the heating season, 1980-2022

Last updated 26 May 2023

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Sources

Eurostat (2023), Heating and cooling degree days - statistics (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Heating_and_cooling_degree_days_-_statistics#Heating_and_cooling_degree_days_at_EU_level); IEA (2022), Energy Balances; Entsoe (2023) (https://transparency.entsoe.eu/), Transparency Platform; IEA (2023), Weather for Energy Tracker (https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/weather-for-energy-tracker).

Notes

The heating degree days series was calculated based on a reference temperature of 18°C with a 15°C threshold.

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