Early-stage venture capital investment in clean energy start-ups for buildings by technology area, 2015-2021

Sources

IEA calculations based on Cleantech Group (2022), World Energy Investment 2022.

Notes

Early-stage deals are defined as seed, Series A and Series B deals. Very large deals in these categories – above a value equal to the 90th percentile growth equity deals in that sector and year – are excluded and reclassified as later-stage investments. Late-stage deals also include growth equity, late-stage private equity and private investments in public equity. The number of deals excludes deals for which investment value data are missing.