Committed mine production and primary demand for cobalt, 2020-2040

Sources

IEA analysis based on S&P Global (2021).

Notes

Primary demand is total demand net of recycled volume (also called primary supply requirements). Projected production profiles are sourced from the S&P Global Market Intelligence database with adjustments to unspecified volumes. Operating projects include the expansion of existing mines. Under-construction projects include those for which the development stage is indicated as commissioning, construction planned, construction started or preproduction.